How Smoking Effects Your Health

Although the negative health effects of cigarette smoking cannot be debated, it remains the single most common cause of preventable deaths.  Each year, over 430,000 people die as a result of a smoking related disease. Yet, over 50 million continue to smoke, including over 3 million teens. An estimated three thousand teenagers begin to smoke each day, and one thousand of them will eventually die as a result.  According to the American Lung Association, cigarette smoking leads to 87% of lung cancers, emphysema and chronic bronchitis.  Healthcare and lost productivity costs of $97.2 billion dollars per years arise from smoking related illnesses. Cigarettes contain over 19 known cancer-causing chemicals in addition to nicotine.

Quitting is a frustrating and difficult proposition for these people who despite the knowledge that they are seriously harming their bodies.  Addiction to nicotine causes very uncomfortable symptoms of with drawl.  Irritation, agitation and anxiety as well as loss of concentration, sleep disturbances, headaches, coughing and cravings.  

Smoking cigarettes is so compelling because of the effects of nicotine. A stimulant, nicotine causes a temporary increase in alertness and a calm feeling.  And it can be incredibly addictive.  Some studies have found nicotine to be more highly addictive that cocaine or heroin.  Additionally, it suppresses the appetite and smokers tend to keep weight off.

How Smoking Harms Your Body

Here’s why cigarette smoke causes so much damage to our bodies. While nicotine itself isn't thought to be carcinogenic, the highly addictive drug is toxic and potentially lethal in large doses. Long-term smokers have a much higher risk of developing a host of life threatening diseases. Just about any cancer you can think of, including cancer of the lung, mouth, nose, voice box, lip, tongue, nasal sinus, esophagus, throat, pancreas, bone marrow, kidney, cervix, liver, bladder and stomach can result from smoking.

Heart and lungs are most damaged by smoking

Lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema, are largely due to smoking.   Heart disease, which includes coronary artery disease, heart attack and stroke are far more common in smokers.  One of the effects of nicotine is constricting the blood vessels, which in turn causes high blood pressure.  Another effect is raising your heart rate, which adds extra stress on your heart.

Not only does smoking affect the heart, but every part of your circulatory system. Your blood becomes thicker and stickier, further taxing the heart.  The lining of the blood vessels is damaged, allowing fat deposits to adhere, and is most likely a significant cause of arteriosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries.

As a result, diminished circulation to the feet and hands leads to painful neuropathy, and impaired ability to fight local infections. This can lead to gangrene and sometimes requires amputation. 

Inhaled smoke contains poison

The inhaled smoke contains many harmful substances, such as tar, carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, heavy metals and free radicals. Each of these damages the body in various ways.  Tar is sticky and brown, containing many chemicals known to be carcinogenic, including benzopyrene.  It also and stains teeth, fingernails and lung tissue.

It causes damage to the mouth, teeth and gums, as well as ulcers of the digestive system.
Osteoporosis is caused by a leeching of calcium from the bones and predisposes smokers to fractures.  The hip joint is particularly vulnerable to fractures and Avascular Necrosis, a disorder where the bone dies.

Because carbon monoxide, a major component of the smoke, binds with higher affinity to hemoglobin, it displaces oxygen carried by the blood.   Since less oxygen is carried within each blood cell, the heart must pump more blood through the body to transfer the same amount of oxygen to the cells.

Hydrogen cyanide prevents the lungs from cleaning themselves of poisonous chemicals. Cilia, the tiny hairs that help to clean the lungs by moving foreign substances out are damaged. Harmful chemicals are allowed to collect in the lungs, preventing oxygenation of the blood.

Other chemicals in smoke that damage the lungs include hydrocarbons, nitrous oxides, organic acids, phenols and oxidizing agents. Free radicals are highly reactive chemicals that can damage the heart muscles and blood vessels When they react with cholesterol plaques are formed, which increase the risk of arterial damage,  heart disease and stroke. Finally, tobacco smoke contains dangerous metals including arsenic, cadmium, and lead.  Many of these are known to cause cancer.

The tars in smoke can trigger cancer of the esophagus and throat. Smoking causes increased stomach acid secretion, leading to heartburn and ulcers. Smokers have higher rates of deadly pancreatic cancer. Many of the carcinogens from cigarettes are excreted in the urine where their presence can cause bladder cancer, which is often fatal. High blood pressure from smoking can damage the kidneys.

Smoking Damages Other Systems

Smoking adversely affects the reproductive system, especially in women.  Many female smokers experience irregular or absent periods.  Fertility is compromised, and menopause occurs one to two years earlier. The risk of cervical cancer is increased. For women over 35 taking oral contraceptives, there is a significantly increased risk of stroke or heart attack if they are smokers.  Men, experience lower sperm count, more abnormal sperm with decreased motility.  There is also an effect on the man’s level of sex hormones.  Decrease circulations also predisposes male smokers to impotence as a result of overall compromised circulation and damage to the blood vessels in the penis.

Smoker’s immune systems are impaired, leaving the smoker vulnerable to a host of minor infections. A smoker needs more time to recover from infections than a non-smoker.  Coupled with diminished circulation, a smoker’s risk of infection from minor cuts or abrasions to the arms or legs skyrockets.

Cigarette smoking decreases bone density, promoting osteoporosis. Skin becomes dry and loses it’s elasticity as a result of poor circulation. Premature wrinkling is common.  Irritation and inflammation of the stomach and intestines is frequently seen, including painful ulceration of the entire GI tract.

Even more serious are the risks to an unborn child if the mother smokes. Miscarriage is more common in women who smoke. Infants of smoking mothers are at increased risk of low birth weight, prematurity, cleft lip and palate, infections and SIDS.

Passive Smoking Effects

You must be aware of the hazards of cigarette smoking, and hence, must be keeping away from it. But, do you know that passive smoking is equally deleterious to us? Let us get to know more on passive smoking.

Passive Smoking
Passive smoking is the involuntary inhalation of the smoke from cigarettes or tobacco that is being smoked by others. This smoke is known as secondhand smoke (SHS). Passive smoking, also known as involuntary smoking, occurs when cigarette smoke spreads in the air and is inhaled by people who are present in the same environment. All over the world, it has been found that passive smoking is as injurious to health as the actual smoking itself.

Most of the times, passive smokers are the ones who live with smokers, and hence, are regularly exposed to tobacco smoke. On the other hand, a non-smoker can also get exposed to tobacco smoke while working in a smoky atmosphere or simply by being in a smoke-filled restaurant or bar. In either of the cases, non-smokers have high chances of passive smoking which is hazardous to their health. Let us have a look at the effects of passive smoking.

Passive Smoking Effects in Adults
As mentioned above, passive smoking can cause dangerous health effects. The following are minor side effects of passive smoking:

• Cough
• Sore throat
• Irritation of eyes
• Headache
• Nausea
• Infection in nose / ear

Apart from these, there are several other long term passive smoking effects which can lead to disability or even death. They include:

• Lung cancer
• Asthma
• Pneumonia
• Bronchitis
• Tuberculosis
• Hypertension

Some diseases are not directly caused due to passive smoking. But if a person continues being exposed to passive smoke for a long time, he has an increased risk of suffering from the following diseases:

• Heart diseases
• Diseases of the circulatory system
• Dementia
• Renal cell carcinoma
• Brain tumor

Passive Smoking Effects in Children
Passive smoking is more hazardous to children than to adults. As the immune system of children is very weak, they are at a higher risk of suffering from diseases. Passive smoking effects in children include:

• Asthma
• Bronchitis
• Pneumonia
• Allergy
• Infection in lungs / ear / throat

Passive Smoking Effects in Fetus
You may have heard that pregnant or expectant mothers are advised to quit smoking as it causes harm to the fetus. Passive smoking dangers in fetus include:

• Risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
• Premature birth
• Low birth weight
• Low production of milk (in mothers)

Prevention of Passive Smoking

As we have seen the numerous passive smoking effects, one should be equally careful about it, the sane way as one is aware of cigarette smoking. Smoking is banned in most of the parts of the world. In other parts, it is banned in enclosed places like restaurants, theaters, or other public places, in order to avoid the risks of passive smoking. On the other hand, smokers can help a lot for the prevention of passive smoking. Smokers should never smoke at home or in cars. This should be strictly followed especially if there are children at home. Although, it is always better to stop smoking, but if smokers cannot overcome smoking, they should do it outdoors, in open places. This way, the risk of passive smoking can be greatly reduced.

Harley Davidson FLSTSB Cross Bones (2011)

With an authenticity that could only come from Harley-Davidson, the Cross Bones combines the pure styling of a historic bobber with modern power and technology. Harkening back to a time when returning soldiers stripped parts off their bikes for performance, and sought fat gas tanks to ride across the country, everything about the Cross Bones is true. Starting with the Springer front end, chopped front fender and laced wheels, all the way through the sprung solo seat and deluxe, slash-cut exhaust, the styling inspires thoughts of rugged, empty backroads. The distinctive, authentic look also boasts a smooth ride powered by the 1584 cc, counter-balanced Twin Cam 96B engine and 6-Speed Cruise Drive Transmission.

 

Harley-Davidson FLSTSB Cross Bones Model Highlights
NEW Hand controls with fewer wires
NEW Odometer trip switch
NEW Single button hazzard warning
NEW Larger odometer readout with gear and RPM display
o Fuel tank sender for accurate fuel-level readings
o Black powder-coated powertrain with polished covers
o Deluxe exhaust with slash-cut mufflers
o Gloss-black painted Springer front end with chrome springs
o Laced Steel wheels with gloss-black rims
o 200 mm rear tire
o Black headlamp shell
o Oil tank with Willie G. signed skull graphic
o Gloss-black cat-eye tank console with retro speedometer face
o Gloss-black mini ape-hanger handlebar
o Half-round footboards
o Sprung solo seat
o Gloss-black round air cleaner cover
o Chopped front fender
o Bobtail rear fender with black supports

Key Harley-Davidson FLSTSB Cross Bones Key Features
With an authenticity that could only come from Harley-Davidson, the Cross Bones® combines the pure styling of an historic bobber with modern power and technology.

Harkening back to a time when returning soldiers stripped parts off their bikes for performance, and sought fat gas tanks to ride across the country, everything about the Cross Bones is true. Starting with the Springer® front end, chopped front fender and laced wheels, all the way through the sprung solo seat and deluxe, slash-cut exhaust, the styling inspires thoughts of rugged, empty backroads.

But that distinctive, authentic look also boasts a smooth ride powered by the 1584 cc, counter-balanced Twin Cam 96B® engine and 6-Speed Cruise Drive® transmission. Form and function blend in a way that is truly and uniquely Harley-Davidson.

o Rigid-mounted, counter-balanced Twin Cam 96B™ V-Twin engine with Electronic Sequential Port Fuel Injection (ESPFI)
o 6-Speed Cruise Drive® Transmission
o Horseshoe oil tank
o Five-gallon fuel tank
o Optional Harley-Davidson® Smart Security System with hands-free security fob

Specifications
U.S. MSRP - Vivid Black $16,999. Solids $17,374

DIMENSIONS
Length 90.5 in. (2299 mm)
Overall Width 38.1 in. (968 mm)
Overall Height 52.6 in. (1336 mm)
Seat Height:
• Laden2 26.6 in. (676 mm)
• Unladen 30.1 in. (765 mm)
Ground Clearance 4.9 in. (124 mm)
Rake (steering head) 32.5°
Fork Angle 24.2°
Trail 6.3 in. (160 mm)
Wheelbase 64.5 in. (1638 mm)
Tires (Dunlop® Harley-Davidson Series, bias blackwall front and radial blackwall rear):
• Front – D402F MT90B16 72H
• Rear – D401 200/55R17 78V
Fuel Capacity 5.0 gal. (18.9 L)
(warning light at approximately 1.0 gal.)
Oil Capacity (w/filter) 3.5 qts. (3.3 L)
Transmission Capacity 1.0 qts.
Primary Chain
Case Capacity3
1.0 qts.
Weight:
• As Shipped 700 lbs. (318.0 kg)
• In Running Order 731 lbs. (332.0 kg)
• Gross Vehicle Weight Rating 1150 lbs. (522.0 kg)
• Gross Axle Weight Rating:
• Front 426 lbs. (193.0 kg)
• Rear 724 lbs. (328.0 kg)

ENGINE
Engine4 Air-cooled, Twin Cam 96BTM
Valves Pushrod-operated, overhead valves with hydraulic, self-adjusting lifters; two valves per cylinder
Bore x Stroke 3.75 in. x 4.38 in. (95.3 mm x 111.3 mm)
Displacement 96 cu. in. (1584 cc)
Compression Ratio 9.2:1
Fuel System4 Electronic Sequential Port Fuel Injection (ESPFI)
Air Cleaner Fiber element, washable
Lubrication System Pressurized, dry-sump

DRIVETRAIN
Primary Drive Chain, 34/46 ratio
Final Drive Belt, 32/66 ratio
Clutch Multi-plate, wet
Transmission 6-Speed Cruise Drive®
U.S. Gear Ratios (overall):
• 1st 9.311
• 2nd 6.454
• 3rd 4.793
• 4th 3.882
• 5th 3.307
• 6th 2.79

CHASSIS
Frame Mild steel tubular frame; rectangular section backbone; stamped, cast, and forged junctions; forged fender supports; MIG welded
Swingarm Mild steel, round tube sections, forged junctions; MIG welded
Front Forks Black leading link for Springer® model
Rear Shocks Hidden, horizontal-mounted, coil-over
Wheels5: Black, Laced Steel
• Front 16 in. x 3 in. (406 mm x 76 mm)
• Rear 17 in. x 6 in. (432 mm x 152 mm)
Brakes:
• Caliper Type Single-piston front and 2-piston rear
• Rotor Type (diameter x width): Patented, uniform expansion rotors
• Front 11.5 in. x .2 in. (292 mm x 5 mm)
• Rear 11.5 in. x .23 in. (292 mm x 6 mm)
Suspension Travel:
• Front Wheel 3.8 in. (97 mm)
• Rear Wheel 3.6 in. (91 mm)

PERFORMANCE
Engine Torque6 (per SAE J1349):
• North America 93.7 ft. lbs. @ 3000 RPM (127 Nm @ 3000 RPM)
Lean Angle:
• Right 27.2°
• Left 27.7°

Fuel Economy7
(EPA urban/highway test)
35/54 mpg (6.70/4.40 L/100 km)

ELECTRIC
Battery (per Battery Council International Rating)
Sealed, maintenance-free 12V, 19-amp/hour, 270 cca
Charging Three-phase, 38-amp system (439W @ 13V, 2000 RPM, 489W max power @ 13V)
Starting 1.2 kW electric with solenoid shift starter motor engagement
Lights (as per country regulation):
• Headlamp (quartz halogen) 55-watt low beam, 60-watt high beam
• Tail/Stop Lights 8W/28W (5W/21W)
• Turn Signal Lights 28W (21W) self-canceling
• Indicator Lamps - High beam, front fender running lights, neutral, low oil pressure, turn signals,
engine diagnostics, security system8 (optional), 6-speed, low fuel warnings

COLOR OPTIONS
Solids
• Vivid Black
• Cool Blue Pearl
• Sedona Orange
• Black Denim 

KAWASAKI Ninja 1000 (2011)

FEATURES
Naked Bike? Super Standard? Modern UJM? Who Cares What It’s Called: The Futuristically Retro and Super-fast Z1000 Is an Absolute Blast to Ride

It’s a rare thing: a new from the ground up motorcycle that feels so right and works so well right out of the crate that it has the press swooning and owners crooning. These well-sorted but rare bikes are often described as “happy motorcycles,” and it’s become crystal clear during the last year that Kawasaki’s Z1000 – completely redesigned in 2010 – is a very happy machine. It’s a realization that comes after just a mile or two in the saddle, and it’s one that confirms the fact that this motorcycle’s design team worked a special bit of magic during development.

The Z1000 thrills before you even jump aboard, with some of motorcycling’s most rakishly stunning lines and body shapes. The aesthetic showcase begins with a low-mount front cowl that slopes back radically, highlighting the Z’s prow and, behind it, an adjustable instrument cluster featuring a multifunction LCD display covered by a trick-looking orange lens. The headlight represents Kawasaki’s first-ever use of a line-beam unit, the guts of which are integrated nicely into that angled cowl. Moving rearward, you come to a shapely fuel tank that’s flared on the sides to let you grab it with your knees and that’s trim at the back for a snug fit. The seat is low and narrow at the front to make ground contact easy, and flows beautifully rearward to end in a futuristically retro LED taillight behind a red lens. It’s a thoroughly athletic shape, one sure to garner attention wherever it’s ridden.

Totally redesigned just last year, the Z features a wide range of new-think moto technology, including an aluminum frame similar to the ZX™-10R’s that curves over the engine, cradling it from above. The design allows a narrow mid-section, which fosters a high degree of rider comfort and feedback in addition to keeping weight low and chassis rigidity high. The engine bolts solidly to the frame in three places, stressed-member-style, and there’s also a rubber mount at the upper rear crankcase area for added vibration damping and torsional rigidity. The main frame and swingarm pivot elements are cast as a single unit, with welds eliminated wherever possible for a more aesthetically pleasing look. And the subframe is a lightweight aluminum die-casting, which is light, smooth and beautiful.

Suspension at both ends is thoroughly modern and wickedly functional: a beefy, fully adjustable 41mm inverted fork up front and a spring preload and rebound damping adjustable horizontal back-link shock is mounted above the swingarm to shield it from exhaust heat and foster an added degree of mass centralization. Wheel control is simply superb, and the substantial feedback sent to the rider makes it easy to know exactly what’s going on at the bike’s contact patches.

The heart of every naked bike is its engine, so Kawasaki engineers paid special attention here for maximum, arm-straightening impact: Dual cams. Sixteen valves. 1,043cc. Liquid cooling. High compression. A long stroke – 56mm – for instantaneous thrust. Six speeds. And digital fuel injection. It’s all there.

The result? This inline-four packs impressive horsepower combined with the sort of flexible, mid-range-heavy power delivery that pastes a silly grin on the face of anyone lucky enough to be aboard. From nearly any rpm, rolling the Z1000’s throttle provides the kind of instant gratification most sportbikes just can’t quite muster, all with silky smooth, highly intoxicating response.

There’s more, of course. Check out the Z’s five-spoke wheels, with spokes machined near the rims for a custom look. We carried forward the quad-pipe theme from the last Z1000 (and the first Z-1), but an under-engine pre-chamber lets engineers use shorter mufflers for great looks and better mass centralization. A solid-mount handlebar and aluminum footpegs lifted from the Ninja® ZX-10R contribute to the Z1000’s quality, top-shelf feel. Brakes? Totally modern: Radially mounted calipers, Ninja-spec 300mm petal-type rotors and a radial-pump master cylinder all provide the latest in braking feel and feedback.

Conventional wisdom says many of today’s motorcycles lack soul, or are all too much alike. The Z1000 proves otherwise – and happily.

Authentic Kawasaki Accessories are available through Kawasaki dealers.

2011 Kawasaki Ninja 1000 motorcycle model Features

Key Features
- 1,043cc inline-four with DFI® offers serious torque
- Lightweight aluminum frame is narrow and tuned to transmit optimal feedback to the rider
- Fully adjustable inverted front fork has settings designed for sporty performance and ride quality
- Placement of horizontal back-link rear suspension contributes to mass centralization
- Radial-mounted front brake calipers combine with the radial-pump front brake master cylinder to offer superb control and feel
- Sleek, supersport styling gives the Ninja® 1000 a distinctive look
- Relaxed, upright riding position contributes to all-day comfort
- Larger fuel capacity offers substantial range
- Windscreen is adjustable to three positions, allowing for optimum wind and weather protection

DOHC, 16-valve, 1,043cc Engine
- Liquid-cooled inline-four offers true open-class power from idle to redline, making it easy to harness for experts and novices alike
- Bore and stroke dimensions of 77.0 x 56.0mm offer an ideal balance of peak power and low- and mid-range flexibility
- 38mm Keihin throttle bodies cram the air/fuel mixture directly into combustion chambers via downdraft intakes for maximum power
- Oval sub-throttles help keep the engine slim, and a slim midsection allows an ideal bike/rider interface for maximum comfort and control
- Engine’s rev limiter comes into play “softly,” providing usable overrev character since power doesn’t drop off suddenly at high rpm
- The engine’s relatively low crankshaft position allows a moderately long stroke without adding engine height
- A secondary engine balancer, driven off a gear on the sixth web of the crankshaft, eliminates excess vibration and contributes to rider comfort

Cool Air System
- Intake system routes cool air to the airbox via ducts in the fairing, minimizing performance loss due to heated intake air
- Duct positioning – close to the rider – allows the intake howl to be heard and enjoyed
- Airbox resonator reduces noise at low rpm and enhances intake sound at higher revs

Exhaust System
- The exhaust system features a 4-into-2-pre-chamber-into-2 layout. Silencer end-caps maintain the quad-style image
- Main and pre-catalyzers ensure cleaner emissions
- Thanks to the under-engine pre-chamber, silencer volume is reduced, and silencer weight is low. Exhaust system offers excellent mass centralization and contributes to a low center of gravity

Slim-type Fuel Pump
- Slim-type fuel pump features an integral fuel gauge
- Fuel tank design and slim-type fuel pump minimizes dead volume inside the tank; fuel capacity is 4.0 gallons

Bodywork
- Supersport-style full-fairing bodywork gives the Ninja 1000 a distinctive, head-turning look, and also offers plenty of wind and weather protection for short-tour ability
- The fairing’s slat-style leading edges direct wind around the bike, allowing the fairing to be narrower at the middle
- The fairing flares at the rear, keeping hot engine air from hitting the rider’s legs
- Original design front turn signals are integrated into the fairing and are attached to the inside of the fairing with rubber mounts that minimize damage if the bike falls over
- ZX-6R-spec front fender contributes to excellent aerodynamics and racy looks
- Slim and compact tail cowl moves mass physically and visually toward the front of the bike
- LED taillight features red LED bulbs and a red transparent lens
- Slim rear fender gives the bike a light-looking rear end
- Windscreen is manually adjustable for optimum wind/weather protection
- Windscreen has three available positions spanning approximately 20 degrees and ranging from sporty to maximum wind protection. Adjustment can be done by hand (no tools required) by depressing the release button below the instrument panel. Windscreen adjustment should always be done with the bike stopped

Aluminum Backbone Frame
- Aluminum backbone frame is similar in concept to the Ninja ZX-10R’s, and helps make the bike narrow and easy to grip with the knees for maximum rider comfort and feedback
- The frame is lightweight and highly rigid, and uses the engine as a stressed member for solid handling and optimum stability
- Frame elements are tuned to transmit optimal engine feedback to the rider
- The frame’s five-piece construction consists of steering stem, left and right main frames, and two cross pieces. The two main frame components have open C-shaped cross sections
- Welds were eliminated wherever possible for simplicity and appearance; the frame beams and swingarm brackets are single die-cast pieces
- The new frame uses four engine mounts, three of which are rigid, one of which (the upper rear crankcase mount) is rubber
- Rear subframe is a three-piece aluminum die-casting assembly that’s light, strong and optimizes mass centralization
- The sub-frame is an example of form and function combined, negating the need for side covers and allowing underseat narrowness for a shorter reach to the ground

Horizontal Back-Link Rear Suspension
- All-new rear suspension design positions the shock unit and linkage above the swingarm where it’s less exposed to exhaust heat and contributes to mass centralization
- Visible from the outside, the horizontal monoshock contributes to the Ninja 1000’s ultra-sporty appearance
- Linkage characteristics are the same as those of a standard Uni-Trak® system: Wheel movement versus shock stroke is the same ratio
- The shock features stepless rebound damping and spring preload adjustability for a custom-tuned ride

Fully Adjustable 41mm Fork
- The Ninja 1000’s inverted fork is adjustable for compression damping, rebound damping and spring preload – and is protected from harm by a cool-looking shroud
- Settings are designed for both sporty performance and ride quality
- Separate, raised handlebars contribute to the sporty, comfortable riding position; bar stays are mounted to the fork tube tops, which extend above the top clamp
- A thick urethane seat provides a high level of rider and passenger comfort
- Tapered-type grips, like those used on supersport models, offer a more direct feel
- Ninja ZX-10R-style footpegs with knurled surfaces offer good grip, direct feel and control, and no-nonsense looks
- The passenger footpeg brackets incorporate convenient luggage hooks

Brakes
- 300mm front petal-type brake discs are gripped by opposed four-piston radial-mount calipers. (Caliper piston size is 4x30 mm)
- A radial-pump front brake master cylinder contributes to the superb control and feel offered by these high-end calipers
- The rear brake is a single piston, pin-slide caliper gripping a 250mm petal-type disc. The caliper is mounted below the swingarm, and located by a torque rod

Large-Volume Fuel Tank
- Five-gallon (19L) fuel tank offers substantial range
- Steel construction facilitates use of magnetic tank bag
- Tank shape (flared edges and a trim shape at the back) allows riders to easily grip tank with their knees

Instrumentation
- Sporty instrument panel features a large analog tachometer and multi-function LCD screen. It’s a design based on the ZX-6R’s unit, but which features original graphics and coloring
- Functions include speedometer, tachometer, fuel gauge, odometer, clock, dual trip meters and warning lamps
- Hazard switch located on left bar pod

Harley Davidson FXDWG Dyna Wide Glide 2011

Re-introduced in 2010, the Dyna Wide Glide motorcycle is all about attitude. Its tough, dark styling and retro feel, along with a retro price tag, give riders the confidence to sit low and stretch out. The Wide Glide is raw and true to its roots with a chopped rear fender, black rims on 40-spoke laced wheels, a black tank console, “Tommy Gun” exhaust, beefy, raked-out forks and a swept back sissy bar. Throw in the old-school flame paint scheme and heads are sure to turn. The lowered suspension, internally-wired handlebar with 4-inch riser and forward foot controls offer an awesome ride and the sticker price provides amazing value.

 

Harley-Davidson FXDWG Dyna Wide Glide Model Highlights

NEW Paint color options
= Black powder-coated powertrain with chrome covers
= Chrome, "Tommy Gun" 2-1-2 collector exhaust with dual mufflers
= 4.7-gallon Street Bob®-style fuel tank, raised at the front .75-inch
= 40-spoke laced steel wheels with black rims
= 21-inch front wheel
= Front and rear suspension lowered one inch
= 34 degree fork angle
= Wide polished aluminum triple clamps
= Chopped rear fender with chrome supports
= Low solo seat with separate passenger pillion
= Stainless steel internally-wired handlebar on four-inch black riser
= Wrinkle-black battery box and fender struts
= Black mirrors and headlight bucket
= Black one-piece wire sissy bar
= Dual red LED lights combine the stop/turn/tail functions
= Side-mounted license plate
= Low-profile tank console with electronic speedometer

Key Harley-Davidson FXDWG Dyna Wide Glide Key Features

Re-introduced in 2010, the Dyna Wide Glide motorcycle is all about attitude. Its tough, dark styling and retro feel, along with a retro price tag, give riders the confidence to sit low and stretch out.
The Wide Glide is raw and true to its roots with a chopped rear fender, black rims on 40-spoke laced wheels, a black tank console, "Tommy Gun" exhaust, beefy, raked-out forks and a swept back sissy bar. Throw in the old-school Flame paint scheme and heads are sure to turn.

But, this bike is about more than just looks. The lowered suspension, internally-wired handlebar with 4-inch riser and forward foot controls offer an awesome ride. And the truly attractive sticker price provides amazing value.

= Rubber-mounted Twin Cam 96™ V-Twin engine with Electronic Sequential Port Fuel Injection (ESPFI), rated at 92 ft. lbs. of torque
= 6-speed Cruise Drive transmission
= Exposed under-seat battery box
= Exposed rear coil-over shock absorbers
= Forward-mounted rider footpegs with brake and shift levers
= Optional Harley-Davidson Smart Security System with hands-free security fob

Specifications
U.S. MSRP - Vivid Black $14,499. Two-Tones $15,194 (with Flames)

DIMENSIONS
Length 94.0 in. (2388 mm)
Overall Width 37.2 in. (945 mm)
Overall Height 47.8 in. (1214 mm)
Seat Height:
• Laden2 25.5 in. (648 mm)
• Unladen 26.7 in. (678 mm)

Ground Clearance 4.2 in. (107 mm)
Rake (steering head) 34°
Fork Angle 36°
Trail 5.2 in. (132 mm)
Wheelbase 68.3 in. (1735 mm)
Tires (Dunlop® Harley-Davidson Series, bias blackwall front and rear):
• Front – GT502 F 80/90-21 54V
• Rear – GT502 180/60B17 75V
Fuel Capacity 4.7 gal. (17.8 L)
(warning light at approximately 0.9 gal.)
Oil Capacity (w/filter) 3.0 qts. (2.8 L)
Transmission Capacity 1.0 qts.
Primary Chain
Case Capacity3 1.0 qts.
Weight:
• As Shipped 647 lbs. (293.5 kg)
• In Running Order 665 lbs. (301.6 kg)
• Gross Vehicle Weight Rating 1085 lbs. (492.2 kg)
• Gross Axle Weight Rating:
• Front 390 lbs. (176.9 kg)
• Rear 695 lbs. (315.3 kg)

ENGINE
Engine4 Air-cooled, Twin Cam 96™
Valves Pushrod-operated, overhead valves with hydraulic, self-adjusting lifters; two valves per cylinder
Bore x Stroke 3.75 in. x 4.38 in. (95.3 mm x 111.3 mm)
Displacement 96 cu. in. (1584 cc)
Compression Ratio 9.2:1
Fuel System4 Electronic Sequential Port Fuel Injection (ESPFI)
Air Cleaner Fiberglass Media, washable
Lubrication System Pressurized, dry-sump

DRIVETRAIN
Primary Drive Chain, 34/46 ratio
Final Drive Belt, 32/66 ratio
Clutch Multi-plate, wet
Transmission 6-Speed Cruise Drive®
U.S. Gear Ratios (overall):
• 1st 9.311
• 2nd 6.454
• 3rd 4.793
• 4th 3.882
• 5th 3.307
• 6th 2.79

CHASSIS
Frame Mild steel, tubular frame; rectangular section backbone; stamped, cast, and forged junctions; forged fender supports; MIG welded
Swingarm Mild steel, rectangular tube sections, stamped junctions; MIG welded
Front Forks 49 mm with polished aluminum fork triple clamp and dual-rate springs
Rear Shocks Coil-over shock
Wheels5: Black, Laced Steel
• Front 21 in. x 2.15 in. (533 mm x 55 mm)
• Rear 17 in. x 4.5 in. (432 mm x 114 mm)
Brakes:
• Caliper Type 4-piston front, and 2-piston torque-free floating rear
• Rotor Type (diameter x width) : Patented, uniform expansion rotors (floating, front only)
• Front (floating) 11.8 in. x .2 in. (300 mm x 5 mm)
• Rear 11.5 in. x .23 in. (292 mm x 6 mm)
Suspension Travel:
• Front Wheel 5 in. (127 mm)
• Rear Wheel 3.1 in. (78.74 mm)

PERFORMANCE
Engine Torque6 (per SAE J1349):
• North America 92 ft. lbs. @ 3000 RPM (125 Nm @ 3000 RPM)
Lean Angle:
• Right 28.4°
• Left 31.9°

Fuel Economy7
(EPA urban/highway test) 35/54 mpg (6.70/4.40 L/100 km)

ELECTRIC
Battery (per Battery Council International Rating)
Sealed, maintenance-free, 12V, 19-amp/hour, 270 cca
Charging Three-phase, 40-amp system (493W @ 13.5V, 2000 RPM, 540W max power @ 13.5V)
Starting 1.2 kW electric with solenoid shift starter motor engagement
Lights (as per country regulation):
• Headlamp (quartz halogen) 55-watt low beam, 60-watt high beam
• Rear Turn Signal Lights Running Lamp: 9W Brake/Turn Lamp: 43W
• Rear Brake Light8 Tail Lamp: 2.3W Brake Lamp: 4.4W
• Indicator Lamps - High beam, directional light bar, neutral, low oil pressure, engine diagnostics,
turn signals, security system8 (optional), 6-speed, low fuel warnings
Electric Power Outlet Standard

COLOR OPTIONS

Solids
• Vivid Black

Two-Tones
• Vivid Black Flame
• Chrome Yellow Flame
• Sedona Orange Flame

KTM Freeride (2011)

As initially seen, the two bikes share the same platform – delta box frame with self-supporting subframe – and lithium ion battery, all while weighing in at 198.4lbs. The Austrian firm claims performances similar to those of a 125cc supermoto/motocross internal combustion bike.

From the two, the supermoto bike will be street legal, while the MX one will keep all the fun on the track. The Freeride bikes will make their debut in Europe for the equivalent of $14,585, while riders in the US should “comply” with the much more competitive Zero Motorcycles.

Following an earlier leak concerning their 2011 Freeride bikes, KTM releases the first images and press release for their all-new EVs that are scheduled for production a year and a half from now.

Read the full press release after the jump.

PRESS RELEASE
KTM PRESENTS THE ZERO EMISSION SPORTMOTORCYCLE: “FREERIDE” FOR OFFROAD AND SUPERMOTO RIDERS!

KTM showed the first prototype of a “zero emission” motorcycle in October 2008, a project that was the result of the company’s cooperation with the Vienna Development Institute “Arsenal Research”. Now, 18 months later, the sports motorcycle manufacturer from Mattighofen in

Austria is right on target for the release of the first series-ready KTM electric sports motorcycle. Under the title “Freeride” KTM will present two near-series prototypes at the 2010 Tokyo Motorcycle Show, which in one year’s time will transfer the sporting spirit of the brand that is always “Ready to Race” into a series model fit for the 21st century.

With its first zero emission motorcycle, the world’s leading producer of offroad motorcycles has developed an electrically driven sports motorcycle that proves that riding fun and environmental sustainability need not be in conflict with one another. The cornerstone of this development is the clear commitment to offroad motorcycle sports and the obvious intention to go on the offensive by further expanding the strongest part of the company’s business activities with a unique product that, as yet, does not exist in this format. This revolutionary development embodies completely new perspectives: Freeride also stands for the end of motorcycles fleeing the city and the accepted return of sporting motorcycle events in urban areas.

The following information is enclosed:

1. A New Chance for Offroad Sport
2. A Decisive Step into the Future
3. Competitive Price Levels
4. A Long Journey for the Development Process
5. Completely New Patented Technology
6. Focus on Series Ready Machines
7. Technical Data Sheet
8. Questions and Answers on KTM Freeride
9. About the KTM Power Sports AG KTMPRESS

1. A New Chance for Offroad Sport
Due to the restrictions that exist today, many riders of offroad motorcycles are confronted with great difficulty if they want to practice their sport. Ideal basic conditions are very seldom found, even on closed tracks or special purpose parks. Regulatory requirements and demands from residents and general objections are leading to the closure of Enduro and motocross tracks. The decisive criterion against the use of competitive bikes in heavily populated areas is almost always a question of an excessive level of noise.

In order to give the sport more room and create new possibilities, there is no better solution than the zero emission motorcycle from KTM.

It equates 100 percent to the sporting spirit and the race-oriented philosophy of the brand. It slips seamlessly into the product portfolio and at the same time brings with it a motor technology for sports motorcycles that until today has been very difficult to make feasible.

This is a motorcycle that is extremely light, sporty and powerful, and with its electric motor, it is now also an emission- and noise-free form of mobility.

With this development it is possible to bring offroad sport close to densely populated areas, to establish new parks and riding opportunities, where until now it has been unthinkable. The use of this sport machine closer to home may generate interest in the activities of new target groups.

2. A Decisive Step into the Future
Stefan Pierer, CEO of KTM Sportmotorcycle AG: “With the electric drive system of the zero emission motorcycle, KTM has succeeded in taking a decisive step forward in the future of the motorcycle industry and two-wheel motorsports. Above all, emission-free mobility with amotorcycle brings new impulses in the short-term and opens up completely fresh perspectives. KTM remains answerable on two counts. On the one hand we are “Ready to Race” and we want to do that with the latest technology, and on the other, as the worldwide number one in offroad sport, we must take care that the sport remains intact, and indeed, further develops!”

Contrary to the belief that e-mobility is not sport-oriented, this technology is directly and immediately an advantage to the enthusiast consumer. Now, with this zero-emission, noise-free motorcycle, a consumer may be able to practice their sport in areas that were previously off limits due to noise restrictions. Furthermore, KTM’s aim is to offer “Freeride” at a comparable price to that of a similar combustion engine machine.

3. Competitive Price Levels
Often with new technology, it is the high price that hinders the success of a product – not the least because of the significant expenditure in research and development. With electro vehicles, it is still a problem that the high cost of batteries continues to inhibit the broad-based deployment of emission and noise-free mobility. KTM has been able to solve this problem and will offer a competitive price structuring for its zero emission motorcycle right from the outset.

Mag. Hubert Trunkenpolz, Sales Director of KTM-Sportmotorcycle AG: “We can already say that the price of our Freeride motorcycles will beunder € 10,000. With this we have a product on the market that is more than competitive right from outset. So apart from the fact that thispositioning is on a par with a current combustion-driven Enduro of the type used in the World Championships, KTM is, in addition, setting completely new standards in matters of technology.”

4. A Long Journey for the Development Process
The development of an offroad sports motorcycle is an extreme task. A competitive bike must be small and light so that it remains agile. It must be able to endure extreme jumps and the hardest of landings as well as showing resistance to impacts, stones and even rubble. It must be able to be ridden through puddles, mud holes, rivers or streams and survive crashes which are an every day occurrence for a sports Enduro. And naturally, after the hardest of offroad days, the bike must be able to withstand being cleaned by a high-pressure washing device.

Even for a conventionally driven motorcycle this is already an enormous challenge for the developer. For the developer of an electrically driven vehicle, it initially seems to be an unsolvable task. These requirements are so far removed from what is possible, feasible or conceivable according to what currently exists in the development of electrically driven vehicles.

Nevertheless, the KTM Development Team rose to the challenge. The established research company “Arsenal Research“, now operating as AIT (Austrian Institute of Technology) was called in as “reinforcement“. As well as its existing competence in the area of the development of electronic/electric motors and components, this Vienna-based institute company was openly enthusiastic about motorcycle sports, forming the ideal basis for a development partner.

Since the presentation of the first rideable prototype in October 2008, the core troop from KTM in Mattighofen, Austria has taken over the development of a series ready bike. They also cooperate with development and supplier specialists from various companies from all over the world.

5. Completely New Patented Technology
The KTM zero emission motorcycle is the embodiment of a race-ready vehicle interpretation that is typical of the company’s “Ready to Race” philosophy. Like all KTM sportmotorcycles it exhibits the most modern construction hallmarks and is equipped throughout with high-quality vehicle components, representing the result of decades of experience and the continual dominance in offroad sports.

The completely new electro-drive technology developed by the KTM Development Team in cooperation with AIT sets entirely new standards. Its light-weight (under 100kg) is comparable to a 125cc two-stroke machine with a normal combustion engine. In the past, electric engine and battery durability, water-resistance and handling have been concerns of consumers that are now resolved through KTM’s worldwide registered patent for the battery drive unit.

Gerald Kiska, Development leader and KTM chief designer: “The development of a conventional high-speed sportmotorcycle to series level is already a big task. The creation of an electrically-propelled vehicle of comparable quality represents an entirely new era in all areas. The use of the electric motor means a completely new layout for the motorcycle – which brings with it an equal measure of pros and cons. Our team must be in a position to allow completely new approaches and solutions and at the same time to apply the existing knowledge in an optimal way. Because of this “Freeride” is a typical KTM project – extremely innovative, courageous and full of sporting ambition.”

6. Focus on Series Ready Machines
Following promising tests, the transition of the zero emission prototype from a purely research project to a series development project has long been a reality. Intensive work is being carried out on the preparation of the finished series product at KTM headquarters in Mattighofen, Austria. The two prototypes being shown at the Tokyo Motorcycle Show are already series-near and the bike will be available for sale 18 months late in Europe.

DI Harald Plöckinger, KTM Power Sports AG Board Member: “As a company that is both innovative and a market leader, KTM has set itself the task of developing new drive systems for our sports motorcycles. The concept of the zero emission motorcycle united well-known KTM core competencies with a new and very interesting motor technology. The first prototypes are already revealing the huge potential of this development project.”

7. Technical Data Information

Vehicle concept
Frame Lightweight Delta Box frame with forged aluminium components
Self supporting tail in monocoque design
Suspension Up-side-down fork and shock absorber with variable setting
Progressive damping system
Tires 21” Trial Enduro tires
Brake system Hydraulic brake system with hand operation for the front and rear wheel
Radial brake system with recuperation support through brake energy
Engine case Combined drive casing in light metal design and all inclusive system integration
Drive motor Permanent energized synchronous motor in shrunk-on-disc construction
Engine management Modular high performance power module with integrated system and “Drive by Wire” security management
Transmission Direct drive without clutch with gear transmission and chain
Traction battery Plug in battery in li-ion (lithium-ion) technology

Technical data
Motor effective horsepower: 7.4 (10) / 6000 kW (hp) / Umin-1
Motor peak performance: 22 (30) / 6000 kW (hp) / Umin-1
Motor torque: 43 / 500 Nm / Umin-1
Maximum motor speed: 6600 Umin-1
Maximum battery voltage: 300 V
Maximum energy content: 2.5 kWh
Speed: 70 Km/h
Overall multiplication factor: (Primary / secondary level) 10.5 (2.4 / 4.5)
Charging time: 1.5 h
Total vehicle weight including removable traction battery: 90 kg

8. Questions and Answers on the KTM Freeride

When will the first KTM electro-motorcycle be available for sale?
KTM will begin with the transition of this project into the pre-series phase in the summer of 2010. A comprehensive test program will be carried out at the same time. According to current planning, the delivery of the first “Freeride” offroad series production model will follow in late spring of 2011 for Europe.

What will the KTM “Freeride” motorcycle cost?
The price has not yet been finalized; however, the aim is to stay under € 10,000 and to settle on a price comparable to a conventional, high-quality, sport Enduro.

Will there be other variants or models?
The topic “electro-driven” certainly offers more areas of application than classic offroad sport. In the first phase, it will only involve the Enduro because here KTM wants to gather experience and push the sport. Following the enduro, there are numerous possible applications and scope for variants.

Is the KTM Freeride homologated for street riding?
In Europe, the machine will be homologated for use on the open road.

How long will the battery last under normal operation?
In principle it must be said that in the area of e-motors reach is largely dependant on the profile of the user. The range is significantly less with a motocross professional at the handlebars than with a hobby enduro rider. The development goal is to be equitable with the requirements in the area of Enduro. In other words, with mixed offroad riding, approximately one hour should be possible.

How long does it take to recharge the battery?
The battery can be used at 100% performance after 90 minutes on the charger. It is possible to recharge the battery while still installed in the bike, but it can also be simply and quickly removed and replaced with another.

How many times is it possible to recharge the battery?
The final specification of the battery has not been determined. The one that is presently being tested allows approximately 500 recharges, which is the equivalent of the normal life cycle of an Enduro motorcycle. Generally, it must be said that the development of batteries in this sector is still in the first stage and significant advances in development are expected in the coming years.

Does the “Freeride” mark the end of the classic Enduro with a combustion motor?
Absolutely not. From KTM’s point of view the new drive technology represents a big chance to open up a third stream of application in the area of motorcycles. Highly developed four-stroke motors will continue to be used in the future, just as with two-stroke motors. Above all, motorcycles with an electro-motor will contribute to bringing the sport into the urban areas and at the same time speak to an entirely new target group.

9. About KTM Sportmotorcycle AG
The KTM Sportmotorcycle AG is a leading international manufacturer of motorsports vehicles. KTM has already won more than 160 world championship titles and has won the Dakar Rally nine times. The operational core business, the KTM-Sportmotorcycle AG, develops and produces race-ready offroad and street motorcycles. The KTM-Sportcar GmbH is the company for the light-weight sports car, the X-BOW, with which KTM has taken the first step into the automobile area. With it’s around 1,400 employees, the company group had a turnover in 2008/09 of approximately € 455 million. Some 17 sales subsidiaries and five joint ventures deliver KTM products to around 1,400 independent dealers all over the world.

SUZUKI Hayabusa (2011)

Its combination of unsurpassed power, crisp handling and superb aerodynamics creates the ultimate sportbike. You could say that the 2011 Hayabusa is so intense, that it’s in a class of its own. For 2011 Hayabusa will get new colors and graphics (Pearl Mirage White with gold trim and Pearl Nebular Black with red trim).

The 2011 Suzuki Hayabusa is powered by a 1340cc, in-line, DOHC liquid-cooled engine with 16-valves engine and gets a a large volume 4-2-1-2 exhaust system with a large capacity catalyzer, dual triangular canisters and closed loop system. The Hayabusa comes with an optimized 6-speed transmission. Oil spray to the 4th, 5th and 6th gears reduce wear and mechanical noise during highway cruising.

Chassis Features
* A lightweight and rigid twin-spar aluminum frame minimizes weight while maintaining high torsional strength.
* The Hayabusa has been outfitted with a fully adjustable inverted front fork featuring DLC (Diamond-Like Coating) coated inner tubes. The front suspension offers minimal friction resistance and provides outstanding suspension performance over a variety of riding conditions.
* A bridged aluminum alloy swingarm features a cross-sectional shape for increased rigidity, which also helps cope with improved rear tire grip and increased engine output. The Hayabusa’s fully adjustable rear shock absorber has a 43mm piston and 14mm rod diameter.
* Radial-mount front brake calipers offer maximum braking performance and allows for smaller 310mm front brake rotors resulting in reduced unsprung weight and improved handling. A lightweight single piston rear brake caliper works in conjunction with a 260mm rear brake disc.
* 3-spoke cast-aluminum-alloy wheels are shod with 120/70ZR17M/C (58W) front and 190/50ZR17M/C (73W) rear radial tires.
* Vertically stacked twin headlights provide increased light intensity, improved light distribution and match the elegant flow of the Hayabusa styling.
* The Hayabusa’s instrument cluster features four analog meters for speedometer, tachometer, fuel gauge and water temperature with a S-DMS mode indicator, gear position indicator and adjustable engine-rpm indicator.
* Advanced aerodynamics offering superb wind protection both for normal and completely tucked-in seating positions.
* The Hayabusa comes with a bright, durable LED taillight, with clear inner lens and red outer lens.

Engine Features
* The Hayabusa is equipped with a 1340cc, in-line, DOHC liquid-cooled engine with 16-valves, and Twin Swirl Combustion Chambers (TSCC).
* Lightweight aluminum alloy pistons with a compression ratio of 12.5:1 are used for maximum performance in all conditions. Hard, smooth chrome-nitride Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) coating on the upper compression and oil control rings on each piston reduces friction while improving cylinder sealing.
* Suzuki Composite Electrochemical Material (SCEM) cylinder plating improves heat transfer, durability and ring seal.
* Lightweight titanium valves allow the use of light valve springs and high lift while maintaining accurate valve control. Iridium spark plugs are used for high combustion efficiency.
* The Hayabusa’s engine is fed via Suzuki’s SDTV (Suzuki Dual Throttle Valve) fuel injection system with dual 12-hole, fine-spray injectors per cylinder and ram air intake with large volume airbox.
* Suzuki Pulsed-secondary AIR-injection (PAIR) system ignites unburned hydrocarbons and reduces carbon monoxide emissions.
* S-DMS (Suzuki Drive Mode Selector) allows the rider to choose from three different engine settings depending on riding conditions or rider preferences.
* The Hayabusa comes with a large volume 4-2-1-2 exhaust system with a large capacity catalyzer, dual triangular canisters and closed loop system.
* A high efficiency curved radiator features dual electric fans controlled by the ECM for increased cooling capacity. The oil cooler has 10 rows cores for increased heat dissipation.

Transmission Features
* The Hayabusa comes with an optimized 6-speed transmission. Oil spray to the 4th, 5th and 6th gears reduce wear and mechanical noise during highway cruising. Suzuki Clutch Assist System (SCAS) serves as back-torque-limiting system for smooth downshifts and also contributes to a light clutch pull.

Harley Davidson FLSTC Heritage Softail Classic 2011

With its smooth performance, comfortable riding position, low seat height, ample luggage space, wind protection and passenger accommodations, the Heritage Softail Classic is a true custom-touring bike. The quick-release Lexan windshield allows for quick conversion to custom cruising. Few bikes capture the spirit of the original dressers more authentically than this beautiful motorcycle. 1940s-style leather saddlebags with quick-detach buckles, full FL front fender, chrome laced wheels and hub cover all pay homage to the past, while the counter-balanced Twin Cam 96™ engine, hidden rear suspension and new optional Anti-lock Braking System all reside at the forefront of modern technology.

Harley-Davidson FLSTC Heritage Softail Classic Model Highlights

NEW Security Package option including factory-installed Harley-Davidson Smart Security System with hands-free fob and Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS)
NEW Hand controls with fewer wires
NEW Odometer trip switch
NEW Single button hazzard warning
NEW Larger odometer readout with gear and RPM display• Fuel tank sender for accurate fuel-level readings• Black powder-coated powertrain with chrome covers• Chrome exhaust with dual staggered shorty mufflers• Chrome, Laced Steel wheels with chrome hub covers• 150 mm rear tire• Chrome nostalgic seven-inch ball headlamp• Chrome directional light bar and passing lamps• Chrome oil tank• Chrome nostalgic "cats-eye" tank console with a retro speedometer face• Two-tone leather tank panel with matching sissy-bar backrest trim• Ergonomic stainless steel, classic touring handlebar• Half-round footboards and oval brake pedal pad• Two-piece, two-up Softail® seat with removable pillion• Studded, nostalgic leather saddlebags with hidden quick-detach buckles• Detachable king-size Lexan® clear windshield• Full-coverage front and rear fenders with chrome accents

Key Harley-Davidson FLSTC Heritage Softail Classic Key Features

With its smooth performance, comfortable riding position, low seat height, ample luggage space, wind protection and passenger accommodations, the Heritage Softail Classic is a true custom-touring bike. The quick-release Lexan windshield allows for quick conversion to custom cruising.

Few bikes capture the spirit of the original dressers more authentically than this beautiful motorcycle. 1940s-style leather saddlebags with quick-detach buckles, full FL front fender, chrome laced wheels and hub cover all pay homage to the past, while the counter-balanced Twin Cam 96™ engine, hidden rear suspension and new optional Anti-lock Braking System all reside at the forefront of modern technology.
• Rigid-mounted, counter-balanced Twin Cam 96B V-Twin engine with Electronic Sequential Port Fuel Injection (ESPFI)• 6-Speed Cruise Drive® Transmission• Horseshoe oil tank• Five-gallon fuel tank• Optional Chrome Profile Laced Aluminum wheels with wide whitewall tires• Optional Original Equipment Custom Color Paint Program

Specifications

U.S. MSRP
Vivid Black $16,999.
Solids $17,374.
Two-Tones $17,694.
Custom Colors $17,864

DIMENSIONS
Length 94.5 in. (2400 mm)
Overall Width 37.6 in. (955 mm)
Overall Height 55.2 in. (1402 mm)
Seat Height:
• Laden2 25.5 in. (648 mm)
• Unladen 27.1 in. (688 mm)
Ground Clearance 5.1 in. (130 mm)
Rake (steering head) 31°
Fork Angle 31°
Trail 5.8 in. (147 mm)
Wheelbase 64.5 in. (1638 mm)
Tires (Dunlop® Harley-Davidson Series, bias blackwall front and rear):
• Front – D402F MT90B16 72H
• Rear – D401 150/80B16 71H
Fuel Capacity 5.0 gal. (18.9 L)
(warning light at approximately 1.0 gal.)
Oil Capacity (w/filter) 3.5 qts. (3.3 L)
Transmission Capacity 1.0 qts.
Primary Chain
Case Capacity3 1.0 qts.
Weight:
• As Shipped 730 lbs. (331.0 kg)
• In Running Order 761 lbs. (345.0 kg)
• Gross Vehicle Weight Rating 1160 lbs. (526.0 kg)
• Gross Axle Weight Rating:
• Front 430 lbs. (195.0 kg)
• Rear 730 lbs. (331.0 kg)

ENGINE
Engine4 Air-cooled, Twin Cam 96BTM
Valves Pushrod-operated, overhead valves with hydraulic, self-adjusting lifters; two valves per cylinder
Bore x Stroke 3.75 in. x 4.38 in. (95.3 mm x 111.3 mm)
Displacement 96 cu. in. (1584 cc)
Compression Ratio 9.2:1
Fuel System4 Electronic Sequential Port Fuel Injection (ESPFI)
Air Cleaner Paper, washable
Lubrication System Pressurized, dry-sump

DRIVETRAIN
Primary Drive Chain, 34/46 ratio
Final Drive Belt, 32/66 ratio
Clutch Multi-plate, wet
Transmission 6-Speed Cruise Drive®
U.S. Gear Ratios (overall):
• 1st 9.311
• 2nd 6.454
• 3rd 4.793
• 4th 3.882
• 5th 3.307
• 6th 2.79

CHASSIS
Frame Mild steel tubular frame; rectangular section backbone; stamped, cast, and forged junctions; forged fender supports; MIG welded
Swingarm Mild steel, round tube sections, forged junctions; MIG welded
Front Forks 41.3 mm telescopic, “beer can” covers
Rear Shocks Hidden, horizontal-mounted, coil-over
Wheels5 (Chrome, Profile
Laced Aluminum option):
Chrome, Laced Steel
• Front 16 in. x 3 in. (406 mm x 76 mm)
• Rear 16 in. x 3 in. (406 mm x 76 mm)
Brakes:
• Caliper Type 4-piston front and 2-piston rear
• Rotor Type (diameter x width): Patented, uniform expansion rotors
• Front 11.5 in. x .2 in. (292 mm x 5 mm)
• Rear 11.5 in. x .23 in. (292 mm x 6 mm)
• Anti-lock Braking System (option) Available
Suspension Travel:
• Front Wheel 5.1 in. (130 mm)
• Rear Wheel 4.3 in. (109 mm)

PERFORMANCE
Engine Torque6 (per SAE J1349):
• North America 92.2 ft. lbs. @ 3000 RPM (125 Nm @ 3000 RPM)
Lean Angle:
• Right 24.4°
• Left 25.9°
Fuel Economy7
(EPA urban/highway test) 35/54 mpg (6.70/4.40 L/100 km)

ELECTRIC
Battery (per Battery Council International Rating)
Sealed, maintenance-free, 12V, 19-amp/hour, 270 cca
Charging Three-phase, 38-amp system (439W @ 13V, 2000 RPM, 489W max power @ 13V)
Starting 1.2 kW electric with solenoid shift starter motor engagement
Lights (as per country regulation):
• Headlamp (quartz halogen) 55-watt low beam, 60-watt high beam
• Tail/Stop Lights 8W/28W (5W/21W)
• Turn Signal Lights 28W (21W) self-canceling
• Indicator Lamps - High beam, front fender running lights, neutral, low oil pressure, turn signals,
engine diagnostics, security system8 (optional), 6-speed, low fuel warnings

COLOR OPTIONS
Solids
• Vivid Black
• Scarlet Red
• Chrome Yellow

Two-Tones
• Merlot Sunglo/Vivid Black
• Cool Blue Pearl/Vivid Black

Custom Colors
• Psychedelic Purple/
Vivid Black
• Apple Green/Vivid Black

Presiden - presiden Indonesia beserta biografinya

1. Biografi Presiden Pertama, Ir. Soekarno (1945-1966)

Biografi presiden indonesia dari pertama sampai sekarang

Biografi presiden indonesia dari pertama sampai sekarang - Presiden pertama Republik Indonesia, Soekarno yang biasa dipanggil Bung Karno, lahir di Blitar, Jawa Timur, 6 Juni 1901 dan meninggal di Jakarta, 21 Juni 1970. Ayahnya bernama Raden Soekemi Sosrodihardjo dan ibunya Ida Ayu Nyoman Rai. Semasa hidupnya, beliau mempunyai tiga istri dan dikaruniai delapan anak. Dari istri Fatmawati mempunyai anak Guntur, Megawati, Rachmawati, Sukmawati dan Guruh. Dari istri Hartini mempunyai Taufan dan Bayu, sedangkan dari istri Ratna Sari Dewi, wanita turunan Jepang bernama asli Naoko Nemoto mempunyai anak Kartika..

Masa kecil Soekarno hanya beberapa tahun hidup bersama orang tuanya di Blitar. Semasa SD hingga tamat, beliau tinggal di Surabaya, indekos di rumah Haji Oemar Said Tokroaminoto, politisi kawakan pendiri Syarikat Islam. Kemudian melanjutkan sekolah di HBS (Hoogere Burger School). Saat belajar di HBS itu, Soekarno telah menggembleng jiwa nasionalismenya. Selepas lulus HBS tahun 1920, pindah ke Bandung dan melanjut ke THS (Technische Hoogeschool atau sekolah Tekhnik Tinggi yang sekarang menjadi ITB). Ia berhasil meraih gelar “Ir” pada 25 Mei 1926.

Kemudian, beliau merumuskan ajaran Marhaenisme dan mendirikan PNI (Partai Nasional lndonesia) pada 4 Juli 1927, dengan tujuan Indonesia Merdeka. Akibatnya, Belanda, memasukkannya ke penjara Sukamiskin, Bandung pada 29 Desember 1929. Delapan bulan kemudian baru disidangkan. Dalam pembelaannya berjudul Indonesia Menggugat, beliau menunjukkan kemurtadan Belanda, bangsa yang mengaku lebih maju itu.

Pembelaannya itu membuat Belanda makin marah. Sehingga pada Juli 1930, PNI pun dibubarkan. Setelah bebas pada tahun 1931, Soekarno bergabung dengan Partindo dan sekaligus memimpinnya. Akibatnya, beliau kembali ditangkap Belanda dan dibuang ke Ende, Flores, tahun 1933. Empat tahun kemudian dipindahkan ke Bengkulu.

Setelah melalui perjuangan yang cukup panjang, Bung Karno dan Bung Hatta memproklamasikan kemerdekaan RI pada 17 Agustus 1945. Dalam sidang BPUPKI tanggal 1 Juni 1945, Ir.Soekarno mengemukakan gagasan tentang dasar negara yang disebutnya Pancasila. Tanggal 17 Agustus 1945, Ir Soekarno dan Drs. Mohammad Hatta memproklamasikan kemerdekaan Indonesia. Dalam sidang PPKI, 18 Agustus 1945 Ir.Soekarno terpilih secara aklamasi sebagai Presiden Republik Indonesia yang pertama.

2. Biografi Presiden Kedua, Soeharto (1966-19980)

 

Biografi presiden indonesia dari pertama sampai sekarang

Biografi presiden indonesia dari pertama sampai sekarang - Soeharto adalah Presiden kedua Republik Indonesia. Beliau lahir di Kemusuk, Yogyakarta, tanggal 8 Juni 1921. Bapaknya bernama Kertosudiro seorang petani yang juga sebagai pembantu lurah dalam pengairan sawah desa, sedangkan ibunya bernama Sukirah.

 

Soeharto masuk sekolah tatkala berusia delapan tahun, tetapi sering pindah. Semula disekolahkan di Sekolah Desa (SD) Puluhan, Godean. Lalu pindah ke SD Pedes, lantaran ibunya dan suaminya, Pak Pramono pindah rumah, ke Kemusuk Kidul. Namun, Pak Kertosudiro lantas memindahkannya ke Wuryantoro. Soeharto dititipkan di rumah adik perempuannya yang menikah dengan Prawirowihardjo, seorang mantri tani.

Sampai akhirnya terpilih menjadi prajurit teladan di Sekolah Bintara, Gombong, Jawa Tengah pada tahun 1941. Beliau resmi menjadi anggota TNI pada 5 Oktober 1945. Pada tahun 1947, Soeharto menikah dengan Siti Hartinah seorang anak pegawai Mangkunegaran.

Perkimpoian Letkol Soeharto dan Siti Hartinah dilangsungkan tanggal 26 Desember 1947 di Solo. Waktu itu usia Soeharto 26 tahun dan Hartinah 24 tahun. Mereka dikaruniai enam putra dan putri; Siti Hardiyanti Hastuti, Sigit Harjojudanto, Bambang Trihatmodjo, Siti Hediati Herijadi, Hutomo Mandala Putra dan Siti Hutami Endang Adiningsih.

Jenderal Besar H.M. Soeharto telah menapaki perjalanan panjang di dalam karir militer dan politiknya. Di kemiliteran, Pak Harto memulainya dari pangkat sersan tentara KNIL, kemudian komandan PETA, komandan resimen dengan pangkat Mayor dan komandan batalyon berpangkat Letnan Kolonel.

Pada tahun 1949, dia berhasil memimpin pasukannya merebut kembali kota Yogyakarta dari tangan penjajah Belanda saat itu. Beliau juga pernah menjadi Pengawal Panglima Besar Sudirman. Selain itu juga pernah menjadi Panglima Mandala (pembebasan Irian Barat).

Tanggal 1 Oktober 1965, meletus G-30-S/PKI. Soeharto mengambil alih pimpinan Angkatan Darat. Selain dikukuhkan sebagai Pangad, Jenderal Soeharto ditunjuk sebagai Pangkopkamtib oleh Presiden Soekarno. Bulan Maret 1966, Jenderal Soeharto menerima Surat Perintah 11 Maret dari Presiden Soekarno. Tugasnya, mengembalikan keamanan dan ketertiban serta mengamankan ajaran-ajaran Pemimpin Besar Revolusi Bung Karno.

Karena situasi politik yang memburuk setelah meletusnya G-30-S/PKI, Sidang Istimewa MPRS, Maret 1967, menunjuk Pak Harto sebagai Pejabat Presiden, dikukuhkan selaku Presiden RI Kedua, Maret 1968. Pak Harto memerintah lebih dari tiga dasa warsa lewat enam kali Pemilu, sampai ia mengundurkan diri, 21 Mei 1998.

residen RI Kedua HM Soeharto wafat pada pukul 13.10 WIB Minggu, 27 Januari 2008. Jenderal Besar yang oleh MPR dianugerahi penghormatan sebagai Bapak Pembangunan Nasional, itu meninggal dalam usia 87 tahun setelah dirawat selama 24 hari (sejak 4 sampai 27 Januari 2008) di Rumah Sakit Pusat Pertamina (RSPP), Jakarta.

3. Biografi Presiden Indonesia Ketiga, Habibie (1998-1999)

 

Biografi presiden indonesia dari pertama sampai sekarang

Biografi presiden indonesia dari pertama sampai sekarang - Presiden ketiga Republik Indonesia, Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie lahir di Pare-Pare, Sulawesi Selatan, pada 25 Juni 1936. Beliau merupakan anak keempat dari delapan bersaudara, pasangan Alwi Abdul Jalil Habibie dan RA. Tuti Marini Puspowardojo. Habibie yang menikah dengan Hasri Ainun Habibie pada tanggal 12 Mei 1962 ini dikaruniai dua orang putra yaitu Ilham Akbar dan Thareq Kemal.

Masa kecil Habibie dilalui bersama saudara-saudaranya di Pare-Pare, Sulawesi Selatan. Sifat tegas berpegang pada prinsip telah ditunjukkan Habibie sejak kanak-kanak. Habibie yang punya kegemaran menunggang kuda ini, harus kehilangan bapaknya yang meninggal dunia pada 3 September 1950 karena terkena serangan jantung. Tak lama setelah bapaknya meninggal, Habibie pindah ke Bandung untuk menuntut ilmu di Gouvernments Middlebare School. Di SMA, beliau mulai tampak menonjol prestasinya, terutama dalam pelajaran-pelajaran eksakta. Habibie menjadi sosok favorit di sekolahnya.

Setelah tamat SMA di bandung tahun 1954, beliau masuk Universitas Indonesia di Bandung (Sekarang ITB). Beliau mendapat gelar Diploma dari Technische Hochschule, Jerman tahun 1960 yang kemudian mendapatkan gekar Doktor dari tempat yang sama tahun 1965. Habibie menikah tahun 1962, dan dikaruniai dua orang anak. Tahun 1967, menjadi Profesor kehormatan (Guru Besar) pada Institut Teknologi Bandung.

Langkah-langkah Habibie banyak dikagumi, penuh kontroversi, banyak pengagum namun tak sedikit pula yang tak sependapat dengannya. Setiap kali, peraih penghargaan bergengsi Theodore van Karman Award, itu kembali dari “habitat”-nya Jerman, beliau selalu menjadi berita. Habibie hanya setahun kuliah di ITB Bandung, 10 tahun kuliah hingga meraih gelar doktor konstruksi pesawat terbang di Jerman dengan predikat Summa Cum laude. Lalu bekerja di industri pesawat terbang terkemuka MBB Gmbh Jerman, sebelum memenuhi panggilan Presiden Soeharto untuk kembali ke Indonesia.

Di Indonesia, Habibie 20 tahun menjabat Menteri Negara Ristek/Kepala BPPT, memimpin 10 perusahaan BUMN Industri Strategis, dipilih MPR menjadi Wakil Presiden RI, dan disumpah oleh Ketua Mahkamah Agung menjadi Presiden RI menggantikan Soeharto. Soeharto menyerahkan jabatan presiden itu kepada Habibie berdasarkan Pasal 8 UUD 1945. Sampai akhirnya Habibie dipaksa pula lengser akibat refrendum Timor Timur yang memilih merdeka. Pidato Pertanggungjawabannya ditolak MPR RI. Beliau pun kembali menjadi warga negara biasa, kembali pula hijrah bermukim ke Jerman.

Sebagian Karya beliau dalam menghitung dan mendesain beberapa proyek pembuatan pesawat terbang :

* VTOL ( Vertical Take Off & Landing ) Pesawat Angkut DO-31.
* Pesawat Angkut Militer TRANSALL C-130.
* Hansa Jet 320 ( Pesawat Eksekutif ).
* Airbus A-300 ( untuk 300 penumpang )
* CN – 235
* N-250
* dan secara tidak langsung turut berpartisipasi dalam menghitung dan mendesain:
• Helikopter BO-105.
• Multi Role Combat Aircraft (MRCA).
• Beberapa proyek rudal dan satelit.

4. Biografi Presiden Indonesia Keempat, Abdurrahman Wahid (1999-2001)

Biografi presiden indonesia dari pertama sampai sekarang

Biografi presiden indonesia dari pertama sampai sekarang - Gus Dur adalah putra pertama dari enam bersaudara yang dilahirkan di Denanyar Jombang Jawa Timur pada tanggal 4 Agustus 1940. Secara genetik Gus Dur adalah keturunan “darah biru”. Ayahnya, K.H. Wahid Hasyim adalah putra K.H. Hasyim Asy’ari, pendiri jam’iyah Nahdlatul Ulama (NU)-organisasi massa Islam terbesar di Indonesia-dan pendiri Pesantren Tebu Ireng Jombang. Ibundanya, Ny. Hj. Sholehah adalah putri pendiri Pesantren Denanyar Jombang, K.H. Bisri Syamsuri. Kakek dari pihak ibunya ini juga merupakan tokoh NU, yang menjadi Rais ‘Aam PBNU setelah K.H. Abdul Wahab Hasbullah. Dengan demikian, Gus Dur merupakan cucu dari dua ulama NU sekaligus, dan dua tokoh bangsa Indonesia.

Pada tahun 1949, ketika clash dengan pemerintahan Belanda telah berakhir, ayahnya diangkat sebagai Menteri Agama pertama, sehingga keluarga Wahid Hasyim pindah ke Jakarta. Dengan demikian suasana baru telah dimasukinya. Tamu-tamu, yang terdiri dari para tokoh-dengan berbagai bidang profesi-yang sebelumnya telah dijumpai di rumah kakeknya, terus berlanjut ketika ayahnya menjadi Menteri agama. Hal ini memberikan pengalaman tersendiri bagi seorang anak bernama Abdurrahman Wahid. Secara tidak langsung, Gus Dur juga mulai berkenalan dengan dunia politik yang didengar dari kolega ayahnya yang sering mangkal di rumahnya.

Sejak masa kanak-kanak, ibunya telah ditandai berbagai isyarat bahwa Gus Dur akan mengalami garis hidup yang berbeda dan memiliki kesadaran penuh akan tanggung jawab terhadap NU. Pada bulan April 1953, Gus Dur pergi bersama ayahnya mengendarai mobil ke daerah Jawa Barat untuk meresmikan madrasah baru. Di suatu tempat di sepanjang pegunungan antara Cimahi dan Bandung, mobilnya mengalami kecelakaan. Gus Dur bisa diselamatkan, akan tetapi ayahnya meninggal. Kematian ayahnya membawa pengaruh tersendiri dalam kehidupannya.

Dalam kesehariannya, Gus Dur mempunyai kegemaran membaca dan rajin memanfaatkan perpustakaan pribadi ayahnya. Selain itu ia juga aktif berkunjung keperpustakaan umum di Jakarta. Pada usia belasan tahun Gus Dur telah akrab dengan berbagai majalah, surat kabar, novel dan buku-buku yang agak serius. Karya-karya yang dibaca oleh Gus Dur tidak hanya cerita-cerita, utamanya cerita silat dan fiksi, akan tetapi wacana tentang filsafat dan dokumen-dokumen manca negara tidak luput dari perhatianya. Di samping membaca, tokoh satu ini senang pula bermain bola, catur dan musik. Dengan demikian, tidak heran jika Gus Dur pernah diminta untuk menjadi komentator sepak bola di televisi. Kegemaran lainnya, yang ikut juga melengkapi hobinya adalah menonton bioskop. Kegemarannya ini menimbulkan apresiasi yang mendalam dalam dunia film. Inilah sebabnya mengapa Gu Dur pada tahun 1986-1987 diangkat sebagai ketua juri Festival Film Indonesia.

Masa remaja Gus Dur sebagian besar dihabiskan di Yogyakarta dan Tegalrejo. Di dua tempat inilah pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan mulai meningkat. Masa berikutnya, Gus Dur tinggal di Jombang, di pesantren Tambak Beras, sampai kemudian melanjutkan studinya di Mesir. Sebelum berangkat ke Mesir, pamannya telah melamarkan seorang gadis untuknya, yaitu Sinta Nuriyah anak Haji Muh. Sakur. Perkimpoiannya dilaksanakan ketika ia berada di Mesir.

5. Biografi Presiden Indonesia Kelima, Megawati (2001-2004)

Biografi presiden indonesia dari pertama sampai sekarang

Biografi presiden indonesia dari pertama sampai sekarang - Presiden Republik Indonesia ke-5, Megawati Soekarnoputri lahir di Yogyakarta, 23 Januari 1947. Sebelum diangkat sebagai presiden, beliau adalah Wakil Presiden RI yang ke-8 dibawah pemerintahan Abdurrahman Wahid. Megawati adalah putri sulung dari Presiden RI pertama yang juga proklamator, Soekarno dan Fatmawati. 

Megawati, pada awalnya menikah dengan pilot Letnan Satu Penerbang TNI AU, Surendro dan dikaruniai dua anak lelaki bernama Mohammad Prananda dan Mohammad Rizki Pratama.

Pada suatu tugas militer, tahun 1970, di kawasan Indonesia Timur, pilot Surendro bersama pesawat militernya hilang dalam tugas. Derita tiada tara, sementara anaknya masih kecil dan bayi. Namun, derita itu tidak berkepanjangan, tiga tahun kemudian Mega menikah dengan pria bernama Taufik Kiemas, asal Ogan Komiring Ulu, Palembang. Kehidupan keluarganya bertambah bahagia, dengan dikaruniai seorang putri Puan Maharani. Kehidupan masa kecil Megawati dilewatkan di Istana Negara. Sejak masa kanak-kanak, Megawati sudah lincah dan suka main bola bersama saudaranya Guntur. Sebagai anak gadis, Megawati mempunyai hobi menari dan sering ditunjukkan di hadapan tamu-tamu negara yang berkunjung ke Istana.

Wanita bernama lengkap Dyah Permata Megawati Soekarnoputri ini memulai pendidikannya, dari SD hingga SMA di Perguruan Cikini, Jakarta. Sementara, ia pernah belajar di dua Universitas, yaitu Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung (1965-1967) dan Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia (1970-1972). Kendati lahir dari keluarga politisi jempolan, Mbak Mega — panggilan akrab para pendukungnya — tidak terbilang piawai dalam dunia politik. Bahkan, Megawati sempat dipandang sebelah mata oleh teman dan lawan politiknya. Beliau bahkan dianggap sebagai pendatang baru dalam kancah politik, yakni baru pada tahun 1987. Saat itu Partai Demokrasi Indonesia (PDI) menempatkannya sebagai salah seorang calon legislatif dari daerah pemilihan Jawa Tengah, untuk mendongkrak suara.

Masuknya Megawati ke kancah politik, berarti beliau telah mengingkari kesepakatan keluarganya untuk tidak terjun ke dunia politik. Trauma politik keluarga itu ditabraknya. Megawati tampil menjadi primadona dalam kampanye PDI, walau tergolong tidak banyak bicara. Ternyata memang berhasil. Suara untuk PDI naik. Dan beliau pun terpilih menjadi anggota DPR/MPR. Pada tahun itu pula Megawati terpilih sebagai Ketua DPC PDI Jakarta Pusat.

Tetapi, kehadiran Mega di gedung DPR/MPR sepertinya tidak terasa. Tampaknya, Megawati tahu bahwa beliau masih di bawah tekanan. Selain memang sifatnya pendiam, belaiu pun memilih untuk tidak menonjol mengingat kondisi politik saat itu. Maka belaiu memilih lebih banyak melakukan lobi-lobi politik di luar gedung wakil rakyat tersebut. Lobi politiknya, yang silent operation, itu secara langsung atau tidak langsung, telah memunculkan terbitnya bintang Mega dalam dunia politik. Pada tahun 1993 dia terpilih menjadi Ketua Umum DPP PDI. Hal ini sangat mengagetkan pemerintah pada saat itu.

6. Biografi Presiden Keenam, Soesilo Bambang Yudhoyono (2004-2014)

Biografi presiden indonesia dari pertama sampai sekarang

Biografi presiden indonesia dari pertama sampai sekarang - Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono adalah presiden RI ke-6. Berbeda dengan presiden sebelumnya, beliau merupakan presiden pertama yang dipilih secara langsung oleh rakyat dalam proses Pemilu Presiden putaran II 20 September 2004. Lulusan terbaik AKABRI (1973) yang akrab disapa SBY ini lahir di Pacitan, Jawa Timur 9 September 1949. Istrinya bernama Kristiani Herawati, merupakan putri ketiga almarhum Jenderal (Purn) Sarwo Edhi Wibowo.

Pensiunan jenderal berbintang empat ini adalah anak tunggal dari pasangan R. Soekotjo dan Sitti Habibah. Darah prajurit menurun dari ayahnya yang pensiun sebagai Letnan Satu. Sementara ibunya, Sitti Habibah, putri salah seorang pendiri Ponpes Tremas. Beliau dikaruniai dua orang putra yakni Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono (mengikuti dan menyamai jejak dan prestasi SBY, lulus dari Akmil tahun 2000 dengan meraih penghargaan Bintang Adhi Makayasa) dan Edhie Baskoro Yudhoyono (lulusan terbaik SMA Taruna Nusantara, Magelang yang kemudian menekuni ilmu ekonomi).

Pendidikan SR adalah pijakan masa depan paling menentukan dalam diri SBY. Ketika duduk di bangku kelas lima, beliau untuk pertamakali kenal dan akrab dengan nama Akademi Militer Nasional (AMN), Magelang, Jawa Tengah. Di kemudian hari AMN berubah nama menjadi Akabri. SBY masuk SMP Negeri Pacitan, terletak di selatan alun-alun. Ini adalah sekolah idola bagi anak-anak Kota Pacitan. Mewarisi sikap ayahnya yang berdisiplin keras, SBY berjuang untuk mewujudkan cita-cita masa kecilnya menjadi tentara dengan masuk Akademi Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia (Akabri) setelah lulus SMA akhir tahun 1968. Namun, lantaran terlambat mendaftar, SBY tidak langsung masuk Akabri. Maka SBY pun sempat menjadi mahasiswa Teknik Mesin Institut 10 November Surabaya (ITS).

Namun kemudian, SBY justru memilih masuk Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Lanjutan Pertama (PGSLP) di Malang, Jawa Timur. Sewaktu belajar di PGSLP Malang itu, beliau mempersiapkan diri untuk masuk Akabri. Tahun 1970, akhirnya masuk Akabri di Magelang, Jawa Tengah, setelah lulus ujian penerimaan akhir di Bandung. SBY satu angkatan dengan Agus Wirahadikusumah, Ryamizard Ryacudu, dan Prabowo Subianto. Semasa pendidikan, SBY yang mendapat julukan Jerapah, sangat menonjol. Terbukti, belaiu meraih predikat lulusan terbaik Akabri 1973 dengan menerima penghargaan lencana Adhi Makasaya.

Pendidikan militernya dilanjutkan di Airborne and Ranger Course di Fort Benning, Georgia, AS (1976), Infantry Officer Advanced Course di Fort Benning, Georgia, AS (1982-1983) dengan meraih honor graduate, Jungle Warfare Training di Panama (1983), Anti Tank Weapon Course di Belgia dan Jerman (1984), Kursus Komandan Batalyon di Bandung (1985), Seskoad di Bandung (1988-1989) dan Command and General Staff College di Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, AS (1990-1991). Gelar MA diperoleh dari Webster University AS. Perjalanan karier militernya, dimulai dengan memangku jabatan sebagai Dan Tonpan Yonif Linud 330 Kostrad (Komandan Peleton III di Kompi Senapan A, Batalyon Infantri Lintas Udara 330/Tri Dharma, Kostrad) tahun 1974-1976, membawahi langsung sekitar 30 prajurit.

Berikut ini data lengkap tentang Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
Nama : Jenderal TNI (Purn) Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono

Lahir : Pacitan, Jawa Timur, 9 September 1949

Agama : Islam

Jabatan : Presiden Republik Indonesia ke-6

Istri : Kristiani Herawati, putri ketiga (Alm) Jenderal (Purn) Sarwo Edhi Wibowo

Anak : Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono dan Edhie Baskoro Yudhoyono

Ayah : Letnan Satu (Peltu) R. Soekotji

Ibu : Sitti Habibah

Pendidikan :

* Akademi Angkatan Bersenjata RI (Akabri) tahun 1973
* American Language Course, Lackland, Texas AS, 1976
* Airbone and Ranger Course, Fort Benning , AS, 1976
* Infantry Officer Advanced Course, Fort Benning, AS, 1982-1983
* On the job training di 82-nd Airbone Division, Fort Bragg, AS, 1983
* Jungle Warfare School, Panama, 1983
* Antitank Weapon Course di Belgia dan Jerman, 1984
* Kursus Komando Batalyon, 1985
* Sekolah Komando Angkatan Darat, 1988-1989
* Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenwort, Kansas, AS
* Master of Art (MA) dari Management Webster University, Missouri, AS

7. Biografi Presiden Ketujuh, JOKO WIDODO ( Sekarang )

Biografi presiden indonesia dari pertama sampai sekarang

Biografi presiden indonesia dari pertama sampai sekarang -

 BIODATA LENGKAP JOKOWI   

Nama Lengkap : Ir. H. Joko Widodo

Nama Alias : Jokowi

Agama : Islam

Tempat Lahir : Surakarta, Jawa Tengah

Tanggal Lahir : Rabu, 21 Juni 1961

Zodiac : Gemini

Hobby : Membaca | Traveling

Kebangsaan : Indonesia

Partai politik : Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan

Istri : Ny. Hj. Iriana Joko Widodo

Anak : Gibran Rakabuming Raka - Kahiyang Ayu - Kaesang Pangarep

Alma mater : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Pekerjaan : Pengusaha

Akun Twitter : @jokowi_do2

Email : jokowi@indo.net.id

   BIOGRAFI LENGKAP JOKOWI   

Mendengar nama Joko Widodo, tentu Anda pasti ingat dengan seorang gubernur yang suka blusukan. Sekarang ini nama Joko Widodo menjadi sangat terkenal dengan banyaknya para pakar yang menyebutkan jika dia adalah salah satu calon presiden yang paling potensial. Bahkan, banyak orang yang memprediksi jika dia adalah calon yang paling mungkin menang dalam pemilu tahun 2014. Dalam biografi Joko Widodo disebutkan jika dia lahir pada tanggal 21 Juni 1961 di kota Solo. Dia berasal dari keluarga yang cukup sederhana. Akan tetapi dengan kerja keras, membuat pria ini bisa sukses.

Dalam biografi Joko Widodo dikatakan jika menempuh pendidikan dasar hingga menengah di kota Solo. Dan setelah itu pada pendidikan tinggi, Jokowi memilih untuk belajar di UGM. Pada saat menempuh pendidikan di perguruan tinggi memang tidak ada prestasi yang menonjol yang dilakukan oleh Jokowi. Setelah selesai kuliah, pria ini memilih untuk bekerja pada sebuah perusahaan. Akan tetapi dia tidak bertahan lama dan memilih untuk meneruskan usaha mebel yang dimiliki oleh keluarga. Dalam waktu yang cepat, usaha mebel yang dilakukan berhasil mendapatkan banyak keuntungan.

Pada tahun 2005 Jokowi terpilih menjadi walikota Solo. Ada banyak sekali prestasi yang sudah dilakukan pria ini di kota Solo. Karena melihat prestasi Jokowi yang bagus di kota Solo, pada tahun 2012 dia dicalonkan menjadi gubernur Jakarta. Dalam biografi Joko Widodo disebutkan, untuk menjadi gubernur Jakarta, Jokowi harus menghadapi perlawanan yang sengit dari lawan politiknya. Dengan kerja keras yang dilakukan, akhirnya Jokowi bisa menang dalam pilkada Jakarta.

Setelah menjadi gubernur Jakarta, tentu membuat pria ini semakin sibuk. Banyak sekali aktifitas yang harus dia lakukan. Tidak sedikit pula media yang membuat berita khusus akan Jokowi. Dengan popularitas yang semakin meningkat ini sudah pasti membuat banyak orang yang ingin Jokowi maju sebagai presiden. Pada tahun ini Jokowi resmi menjadi calon presiden dari partai PDI-P. Dengan maju sebagai calon presiden, pria ini menjadi semakin sibuk dan banyak musuh khususnya dalam dunia politik.

Tanggal 20 oktober 2014, sosok wong cilik yang dikenal dengan gaya blusukannya ini secara resmi di lantik sebagai Presiden Republik Indonesia ke-7. Hari yang begitu bersejarah untuk bangsa Indonesia dimana banyaknya masyarakat yang ikut merayakan pengangkatan Presiden ketuujuh ini. Tidak hanya dalam kalangan masyarakat biasa, beberapa artis pun ikut merayakan dengan menggelar acara konser salam 3 jari di Monas, Jakarta. Saat ini masyarakat menanti kinerja sosok Presiden RI ke-7 ini hingga tahun 2019. Semoga dengan membaca biografi Joko Widodo ini bisa menambah wawasan Anda.

   PENDIDIKAN JOKOWI   

• SMP Negeri 1 Surakarta
• SMA Negeri 6 Surakarta
• Universitas Gajah Mada (UGM) Fakultas Kehutanan 

   KARIR JOKOWI   

• Walikota Surakarta (2005-2012)
• Gubernur Jakarta (2012-2017)
• Pengusaha mebel dan pertamanan

   PENGHARGAAN JOKOWI   

• Bintang Jasa Utama - Presiden Republik Indonesia
• Piala Citra Bhakti Abdi Negara (2008-2009-2010) - Presiden Republik Indonesia
• Agent of change Kemandirian - Dompet Dhuafa
• Democracy Award: Manusia Bintang - RMOL
• Decade Award: Rising Leader - Men's Obsession
• E-government - Kemkominfo
• Adiupaya Puritama - Kemenpera
• Best City Award - Delgosea
• Pengendali inflasi - Bank Indonesia
• Tata ruang kedua terbaik se-Indonesia - Kementrian PU
• Top 50 Leaders dari Fortune
• Indeks Pembangunan Ketenagakerjaan - Kemennaker
• Bung Hatta Anti Corruption Award - Meutia Hatta
• Anti Gratifikasi - KPK
• Program Perlindungan Anak - UNICEF Tahun 2006
• Walikota No.3 Terbaik Dunia - The City Mayors Foundation
• Social Media Award - Majalah Marketing & Frontier Consulting Group
• 10 Tokoh Pilihan Tahun 2008 - Tempo
• Tokoh Pluralis Tahun 2013 - dari Lembaga Pemilih Indonesia
• Tokoh Seputar Indonesia Tahun 2013 - Anugerah Seputar Indonesia
• Good Governance Award (20 September 2012) - Soegeng Soerjadi
• Pencapaian target MDGs Untuk program KJP dan KJS - Bappenas
• Pangripta Nusantara Utama - Bappenas
• Nominasi World Mayor Tahun 2012